Dementia isn’t typically inherited directly. But having a family history can increase your chances of developing it. This doesn’t mean you’ll definitely get dementia, even if your family members have it. Lifestyle choices are also important. Having a risk factor doesn’t mean you’re destined to get dementia or Alzheimer’s.
How Do Genes Affect Alzheimer’s and Dementia Risk?
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the United States, affecting nearly 7 million Americans. While most cases are not directly inherited, certain genes play a significant role in influencing a person’s risk of developing the disease.
Risk Genes vs. Deterministic Genes
Most genes linked to AD are like adding a pinch of extra salt to the recipe–they increase the likelihood of developing the disease, but they don’t guarantee it. These are called risk genes.
One of the most well-known risk genes for AD is called APOE-e4. Everyone inherits two copies of the APOE gene, one from each parent. Having one copy of APOE-e4 increases your risk of developing Alzheimer’s, and having two copies increases the risk even more.
But not everyone with this gene variant develops the disease, and some people without it do.
On the other hand, some rare genes replace a key ingredient with something completely different—these directly cause Alzheimer’s to develop. These are called deterministic genes. If you inherit one of these, you will develop Alzheimer’s, usually at a younger age than the more common forms of the disease.
Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease is a rare type of Alzheimer’s caused by deterministic genes. It’s passed down from parents to children, and people with these genes will inevitably develop the disease, usually in their 40s or 50s.
Is Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) Hereditary?
Sometimes, but not always. FTD affects how people act, think, and talk. It’s caused by damage to certain parts of the brain. FTD often starts earlier than Alzheimer’s, usually between the ages of 45 and 65.
About 40% of people with FTD have a family history of it, which suggests a possible genetic link. If someone in your family has FTD, there’s a 50/50 chance you might have inherited a higher risk. But even with a family history, it’s not a guarantee that you’ll develop FTD.
Scientists are still trying to figure out the exact causes of FTD, both in families and in people without a family history.
Is Huntington’s Disease Hereditary?
Yes, Huntington’s disease is hereditary. It’s a brain disorder that affects how you move, think, and feel, and it gets worse over time. Unlike other kinds of dementia, Huntington’s is caused by a single faulty gene that’s passed down from parents to their children. If one parent has Huntington’s, each of their children has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene and developing the disease.
Is CADASIL Hereditary?
Yes, Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a hereditary condition. It’s a rare type of vascular dementia caused by changes in a specific gene. This gene is responsible for keeping the small blood vessels in your brain healthy.
Is Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) Hereditary?
Lewy body dementia (LBD) is usually not hereditary, but in rare cases, it can be. LBD causes changes in thinking, memory, and movement. People with LBD might experience confusion that comes and goes, see things that aren’t really there, and have trouble with balance and walking.
Most of the time, we don’t know exactly why people develop LBD. However, a small percentage of cases are caused by a change in a specific gene that’s passed down through families.
Is Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) Hereditary?
Yes, in some cases, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) can be hereditary. CJD is a rare and fast-progressing type of dementia. Most cases happen randomly, but about 10-15% of CJD cases are passed down in families. This happens when there’s a change in a gene called PRNP. This gene helps make a protein in the brain, and if a parent has the faulty gene, there’s a 50/50 chance they’ll pass it on to each of their children, who could then develop CJD.
What Factors Can Increase Dementia Risk
While genetics play a role in the risk of developing dementia, it’s not the whole picture. Several lifestyle factors also contribute to the onset of this complex condition. Addressing these non-genetic risk factors can significantly lower your risk and promote a healthier brain as you age.
Age
Advanced age is the most significant risk factor for dementia, with risk increasing as you get older.
Heart Health
Conditions such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes can elevate dementia risk.
Lifestyle Choices
Poor diet, lack of physical activity, and smoking can contribute to cognitive decline.
Mental Stimulation
Low levels of mental engagement and cognitive activity are associated with a higher risk of dementia.
Social Engagement
Isolation and lack of social interaction can negatively impact brain health.
Traumatic Brain Injury
Previous head injuries can increase the likelihood of developing dementia later in life.
Taking proactive steps to manage these risk factors can make a significant difference in safeguarding your brain health and reducing your chances of developing dementia. It’s never too late to adopt a healthier lifestyle and engage in activities that promote cognitive well-being.
When to Talk to Your Doctor About Dementia
Do seniors with Alzheimer’s know if they have it? The troubling part is that they don’t. It may be obvious to you, but they lack the awareness of their own illness.
Set an appointment with your doctor if you or a senior parent or grandparent experiences persistent memory problems or any unusual changes in thinking or behavior. These could be early signs of dementia, and early detection can lead to timely intervention and better management.
Before you reach for the phone, let’s discuss some of the common early indicators of dementia and when to seek a doctor’s evaluation.
Recognizing Early Signs
It’s important to be aware of the early signs of dementia, as these can sometimes be subtle. Some common indicators to watch for include:
- Forgetfulness: Frequently forgetting recently learned information, important dates, or events.
- Difficulty with Familiar Tasks: Struggling to complete routine tasks, follow plans, or work with numbers.
- Confusion: Getting confused about time, place, or familiar people.
- Changes in Mood or Behavior: Experiencing increased anxiety, depression, agitation, or uncharacteristic behavior.
Some seniors might also experience Alzheimer’s anger, where they get angry for no apparent reason.
Considering Genetic Testing
If you’re worried about dementia, talking to your doctor is a great first step. They can conduct assessments and, if necessary, refer you to specialists like neurologists or geriatricians.
While genetic testing for dementia is available, it’s not recommended for everyone. It’s most helpful for individuals with a strong family history of early-onset dementia or certain rare genetic forms. If you’re considering genetic testing, talk to your doctor or a genetic counselor to weigh the benefits and limitations.
Early intervention can make a significant difference in managing dementia. If you have any concerns, don’t hesitate to seek guidance from a healthcare professional.
Nurturing Well-Being at 12 Oaks Senior Living
At 12 Oaks Senior Living, we understand that dementia is a journey, not a destination. Our memory care communities are designed to provide a safe, supportive, and engaging environment for individuals living with Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia.
Our specialized care programs are tailored to meet the unique needs of each resident. We offer personalized assistance with daily activities, medication management, and 24/7 support from our compassionate and trained staff. We believe in the power of connection and create opportunities for social interaction, meaningful activities, and continued learning.
Our goal is to help each resident maintain their independence and dignity while enjoying a fulfilling and active lifestyle. We understand that families play a vital role in the well-being of their loved ones, so we encourage active participation and provide resources and support along the way.
If you’re seeking a memory care community that prioritizes individualized care, engagement, and overall well-being, we invite you to explore 12 Oaks Senior Living.
We’re here to help you and your family navigate this journey with compassion and expertise.